Profiles in Scourges: James Watt. Weekend Reader for Sun. Feb. 4

Profiles in Scourges: James Watt. Weekend Reader for Sun. Feb. 4

Long before Ryan Zinke sought to dismantle the Interior Department, Ronald Reagan's Interior Boss set a high bar.

There is striking parallel between Ronald Reagan's environmental wrecking crew of years past and the current administration. Here is the first in a series looking back at Reagan rollbacks and characters.


James Gaius Watt was by all accounts a direct and plainspoken man. He said what he meant, and often found out how much trouble that could cause for him in Washington.

Born, raised, and schooled in Wyoming, Watt was a rising star among Western ranchers, farmers and miners who bristled against what they saw as intrusive federal control over their livelihoods. He worked for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and founded the Mountain States Legal Foundation, the first of several nonprofit law offices focused on challenging public lands and environmental regulations.

President Reagan made Watt Interior Secretary in 1981 to the delight of the "Sagebrush Rebellion," the western groundswell that helped sweep Jimmy Carter out of office. Presaging Trump officials decades later, Watt's legal foundation had several pending lawsuits against the department he now ran.

What Watt did not have was the full backing of both houses of Congress. Republicans took control of the Senate in the Reagan landslide, but the House remained firmly in Democratic hands. But Watt was not completely hamstrung. He fired dozens of attorneys involved in environmental enforcement and announced his intention to lease the entire U.S. coastline for oil drilling, whether Big Oil wanted it or not. (They didn't).

Watt set up the Minerals Management Service, whose howlingly inept stewardship of energy resources blew up in a scandal involving drugs, porn, prostitutes and a rapidly revolving door between Big Oil and the government in 2008-2010.

He pushed for dramatic increases in coal leasing on public lands in the West, and for a moratorium on new National Park land. In other words, but for the plain-spokenness, he was a prototype for Trump-era governance.

Watt's deep religious values and apparent obliviousness to Washington culture made him a regular form of political comic relief. His edict that female Interior employees could not wear pantsuits to work was widely ignored. Washington Mall concerts by the Grass Roots and the Beach Boys drew his ire.

Watt, who later admitted he'd never heard of the Beach Boys, disinvited the band from the 1983 Fourth of July concert on the Mall out of concern that the clean-scrubbed, aging band would bring drugs, alcoholism, and "the wrong element" to America's front lawn. He relented when Vice President George H.W. Bush and First Lady Nancy Reagan came to the band's defense.

That plainspoken streak continued. One of his ugliest quips came in 1981, foreshadowing the Bundy takeovers years later: "If the troubles from environmentalists cannot be solved in the jury box or at the ballot box, perhaps the cartridge box should be used."

Watt suggested that the Interior Department's logo, featuring a bison facing to the left, should be flipped so the bison faced right. A herald of the partisan environmental divide we now face, Watt said where most saw Washington divided into Democrats and Republicans, he saw "Liberals and Americans."

Finally, a particularly unfunny joke told during a speech to the U.S Chamber of Commerce did him in. Bragging about the diversity among a coal leasing panel, Watt quipped, "We have every mixture you can have. I have a black, a woman, two Jews and a cripple. And we have talent."

President Reagan received his resignation soon after.

He remained in Washington after leaving the Interior Department, working as a lobbyist. In 1996, he pleaded guilty to withholding documents from a grand jury investigating corruption in the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

In exchange for the guilty plea, the government dropped 18 perjury charges against Watt. He paid a $5,000 fine, served five years' probation and performed 500 hours of community service.

Watt faded from public life and retired to Jackson Hole, Wyoming, where he turned 80 last week. While he's had little to say about current rollback efforts, he praised the anti-regulatory push by former Vice President Dick Cheney, his Jackson Hole neighbor. "Everything Cheney's saying, everything the president's saying — they're saying exactly what we were saying 20 years ago, precisely … Twenty years later, it sounds like they've just dusted off the old work."

The same could be said for Ryan Zinke's leadership at Interior, but with a few crucial differences. Today, facepalming insults have been upgraded to Chief Executive status. Zinke and his cabinet colleagues have a volley of daily distractions and a compliant Congress to give cover as public lands, national monuments, endangered species and more lose their protection.

Not even an apparent scandal involving Zinke's Montana crony getting a supersized contract to re-wire hurricane-ravaged Puerto Rico made a wave.

But James Watt was a prototype over 35 years ago.

Top Weekend News

Kathleen Hartnett White, President Trump's nominee to head the Council on Environmental Quality, has withdrawn from consideration. White took some grief from both sides of the aisle for her anti-science views. (Washington Post)

Two pieces on a durable science controversy: Do cellphones pose a cancer risk? Undark looks at the lengthy history of dueling studies; The AP reports on two new government studies that minimize the risk.

NatGeo's Craig Welch reports on Cape Town, a metropolis of 4 million people that's running out of water. What big cities are next?

Opinions and Editorials

Philip and Mary Landrigan wrote a powerful, positive piece on protecting your kids from a world of poisons.

Neither political frustration nor a whopping hangover will prevent young activist Joelle Moses from talking about climate change. (Reuters)

A Scientific American editorial urges universitites to let their researchers speak out on controversial issues.

Bill McKibben's tipsheet for battling climate change without Washington. (Guardian)

This week on PRI's Living on Earth, Peter Dykstra and Steve Curwood dissect what was said -- and not said -- in the State of the Union speech.

In HuffPost, Alexander C. Kaufman takes on the Democrats for not having a coherent national climate plan.

The Week In Trump

Drain swamp, fill with corn syrup? Lobbyist sets USDA dietary guidelines. (IBT)

From Outside Magazine, large chunks of the former Bears Ears National Monument are now open to mining claims.

In a victory for EPA and factory farms, A federal Appeals Court agreed to push back a deadline for farmers to report

Why Watch Super Bowl LII When You Can Watch the Journalists' Guide to Energy and the Environment V?

SEJ, the Wilson Center, and George Mason University present the fifth annual look-ahead to a most interesting year in environmental journalism.

And.... The Super Bowl tie-in story you didn't see coming:

Woodpeckers may suffer the same kind of head injuries as football players. (Washington Post)

President Joe Biden climate change
President Joe Biden delivers remarks on his proposed budget for fiscal year 2024, Thursday, March 9, 2023, at the Finishing Trades Institute in Philadelphia. (Credit: White House Photo by Hannah Foslien)

Op-ed: Biden’s Arctic drilling go-ahead illustrates the limits of democratic problem solving

President Biden continues to deploy conventional tactics against the highly unconventional threat of climate change.

Howls of outrage met the Biden administration decision to allow Arctic oil drilling at the same time it pursues the most climate-friendly agenda of any American president. How can this conflict in priorities be explained?

Keep reading...Show less
Senator Whitehouse & climate change

Senator Whitehouse puts climate change on budget committee’s agenda

For more than a decade, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse gave daily warnings about the mounting threat of climate change. Now he has a powerful new perch.
climate biodiversity trees arbor day
Photo by Joao Tzanno on Unsplash

A grove of tree books for Arbor Day

These 12 books capture the wonder, tell the history, and predict the climate-changed future of the trees with which we share the planet.
zero-deforestation slaughterhouses meat
Photo by Joshua Tsu on Unsplash

Zero-deforestation pledges by slaughterhouses actually work

Researchers found that existing pledges have already reduced Amazon deforestation by 15%—if implemented across all companies, that number shoots up to 51%.

​A more climate-resistant coffee rises in Africa ​

As global warming threatens the two main varieties, coffee growers in Uganda are betting on a type that can stand up to heat, drought and pests.
Mitch Lettow climate michigan forests
Photo by Isaac Wolf on Unsplash

‘If trees had feet’: Tree migration brings climate resiliency to Michigan forests

Conservation groups and tribal experts are testing which more southerly tree species may thrive further north to face the challenges of climate change, woodland disease, and invasive species.
anchorage wildfires climate
Photo by Egor Vikhrev on Unsplash

Climate change sparks fears in Anchorage of wildfires becoming more routine

This is the new reality, where a series of recent wildfires and the hottest day on record have sparked fears that a warming climate could translate into serious blazes like those in the rest of the American West.

Could AI save the Amazon rainforest?

Conservationists in the Brazilian Amazon are using a new tool to predict the next sites of deforestation – and it may prove a gamechanger in the war on logging.

From our Newsroom
Partha Dasgupta economics of nature

An economist's 'answer to everything.' Hint: It takes nature

Economist Partha Dasgupta takes issue with our failure to account for the cost of Earth's destruction

oil and gas wells pollution

What happens if the largest owner of oil and gas wells in the US goes bankrupt?

Diversified Energy’s liabilities exceed its assets, according to a new report, sparking concerns about whether taxpayers will wind up paying to plug its 70,000 wells.

Paul Ehrlich

Paul Ehrlich: A journey through science and politics

In his new book, the famous scientist reflects on an unparalleled career on our fascinating, ever-changing planet.

oil and gas california environmental justice

Will California’s new oil and gas laws protect people from toxic pollution?

California will soon have the largest oil drilling setbacks in the U.S. Experts say other states can learn from this move.

Stay informed: sign up for The Daily Climate newsletter
Top news on climate impacts, solutions, politics, drivers. Delivered to your inbox week days.