Climate change could worsen space debris problem, study finds

Global warming is reducing atmospheric drag in low Earth orbit, allowing more space debris to accumulate and increasing risks for satellites, researchers report.

Seth Borenstein reports for The Associated Press.


In short:

  • A study from MIT finds that climate change could shrink the available space for satellites in low Earth orbit by up to 82% by 2100.
  • As greenhouse gases cool and thin the upper atmosphere, there is less drag to pull space debris down, leading to a more cluttered orbit.
  • Millions of pieces of space junk, including old satellite fragments and rocket parts, pose a collision risk, threatening critical satellite functions like navigation and communication.

Key quote:

“We rely on the atmosphere to clean up our debris. There’s no other way to remove debris. It’s trash. It’s garbage. And there are millions of pieces of it.”

— Will Parker, astrodynamics researcher at MIT

Why this matters:

Space is becoming increasingly congested, and climate change is making it worse. With thousands of satellites essential for communication, weather forecasting, and security, a more cluttered orbit raises risks of collisions that could disrupt global systems. The problem stems from a cooling upper atmosphere, which slows the natural process of debris re-entering and burning up. If unchecked, the buildup of space junk could lead to a cascade of collisions, making parts of Earth's orbit unusable.

Read more: Musk’s Starlink launches spark calls from scientists for a federal review of environmental risks

An oil drilling pump jack platform with a worker standing on it

Gavin Newsom calls for climate action. But even California is drilling more oil

Gov. Gavin Newsom made green energy a priority. But as President Donald Trump makes oil the focus of U.S. energy policy, even California considers “Drill, baby, drill.”
An illustration of the globe with a giant band aid on it

Podcast: Will we artificially cool the planet?

Professor Ted Parson talks about solar geoengineering as a potential response to severe climate risks, exploring why humanity may need to consider deliberately cooling Earth by spraying reflective particles in the upper atmosphere.

A group of dead trees in a forest

2021 heat dome left Rhode Island-sized damage in Oregon's, Washington’s western forests

A study from Oregon State University and the U.S. Forest Service found the four-day extreme heat event scorched more than 1,000 square miles of tree canopy.

A person walking through a flooded underpass

Bill Gates said the quiet part out loud

Bill Gates has reignited debate over a climate agenda that prioritizes emissions cuts over the immediate needs of countries already facing deadly climate impacts.

Polluted water coming from a pipe

Oily waste from Smitty’s Supply disaster will be injected under Jefferson Parish landfill

Oily water and spilled petrochemicals from the Smitty’s Supply explosion have been handled at three different sites, and state officials have granted an emergency request to bring some of it a Jefferson Parish landfill. 
white smoke coming out from power plant on a green hill.

World still on track for catastrophic 2.6C temperature rise, report finds

Fossil fuel emissions have hit a record high while many nations have done too little to avert deadly global heating.

a herd of cattle standing next to each other

At COP30, Brazilian meat giant JBS recommends climate policy

Meat giant JBS is steering a private-sector “food systems” push to shape climate policy at COP30, promoting productivity-focused recommendations.

From our Newsroom
Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

One facility has emitted cancer-causing chemicals into waterways at levels up to 520% higher than legal limits.

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

"The reality is, we are not exposed to one chemical at a time.”

Pennsylvania governor Josh Shapiro speaks with the state flag and American flag behind him.

Two years into his term, has Gov. Shapiro kept his promises to regulate Pennsylvania’s fracking industry?

A new report assesses the administration’s progress and makes new recommendations

silhouette of people holding hands by a lake at sunset

An open letter from EPA staff to the American public

“We cannot stand by and allow this to happen. We need to hold this administration accountable.”

wildfire retardants being sprayed by plane

New evidence links heavy metal pollution with wildfire retardants

“The chemical black box” that blankets wildfire-impacted areas is increasingly under scrutiny.

Stay informed: sign up for The Daily Climate newsletter
Top news on climate impacts, solutions, politics, drivers. Delivered to your inbox week days.