Climate change to boost Lyme disease cases in northeast and midwest U.S. by over 35%, study finds

In short:

  • A 3-degree Celsius rise in global temperatures could raise Lyme disease cases up by 38%, translating to around 55,000 new cases each year.
  • This spike in Lyme cases could also see healthcare costs increase by 38%, amounting to an additional $236 million annually.
  • Lyme cases in more southeastern states are predicted to lower slightly.

Key quote:

“Lyme disease is likely to have a considerable impact on the health of thousands more children and adults over the coming decades across these regions, particularly in more northern areas, leading to tens to hundreds of millions of dollars in annual healthcare costs.”

Why this matters:

The findings are estimated to be even higher with larger temperature increases, and are still likely an underestimate. The study did not consider factors such as the underdiagnosis and underreporting of Lyme disease, the expansion of ticks into new areas, or the growing prevalence of ticks that carry Lyme and other tick-borne diseases like anaplasmosis and babesiosis.

Related EHN coverage:

On a personal note:

Several EHS staff members in the northeastern U.S. have battled Lyme and other tick-borne diseases personally. One suffered from Lyme and babesiosis, experiencing severe fatigue, body pain, and frozen shoulders, to the extent of being unable to walk. Another staff member and her son are currently in treatment; he is a 24-year-old athlete with fluid-filled joints, walking with a limp and unable to run. She has been diagnosed with Lyme every summer for the past decade and also has had anaplasmosis.

Yang, H. et al. By-degree Health and Economic Impacts of Lyme Disease, Eastern and Midwestern United States. EcoHealth (2024).

Science summaries are produced by the EHS science team, including HEEDS staff.
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Firefighters fight a blaze

Increased autism risk linked to exposure to wildfire smoke during pregnancy

In a first-of-its-kind study published in Environmental Science and Technology, researchers found that mothers who were exposed to wildlife smoke during the third trimester of pregnancy were more likely to have children diagnosed with autism by age 5.


In short:

  • More frequent exposure to wildlife smoke during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of autism in children.
  • The study analyzed more than 200,000 mother-child pairs in Southern California between 2006 to 2014; nearly 60% of them were exposed to wildfire smoke for more than 5 days during pregnancy.
  • The authors also found that prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution from a variety of sources — not just wildfires — is associated with an increased risk of autism in children.


Key quote:

“As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires in many parts of the world, understanding their relationship with autism is important to being able to develop preventive policy and interventions that will protect pregnant women and their children.”

- Study co-author Mostafijur Rahman, via Tulane University’s accompanying press release


Why this matters:

As climate change continues to impact global weather patterns, wildfires have become increasingly intense and frequent. Their impact on air pollution is significant - in California, wildfires account for over 70% of the fine particulate matter exposure on days with poor air quality. Environmental hazards that affect the health of pregnant people and their children can have long-term and severe outcomes. The authors of this study underscore the need for policies that protect vulnerable populations from air pollution and reduce the inequality in its health impacts.


Related EHN coverage:


More resources:

Luglio, David et al. for Environmental Science & Technology. Jan. 20, 2026
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