Climate-driven heat waves and pollution imperil health in Global South

Record global heat in 2024 fueled longer heat waves, worsening air quality and public health in regions from India to Nigeria to Brazil, where extreme weather compounded pollution and respiratory disease risks.

Simrin Sirur reports for Mongabay with Orji Sunday and Karla Mendes.


In short:

  • India faced record summer heat in 2024, intensifying air pollution in Delhi, with ozone levels above safe limits for 102 days.
  • Wildfires in Brazil’s Amazon produced dangerous smoke that impacted Indigenous communities already vulnerable due to limited healthcare access.
  • In Nigeria’s arid north, rising temperatures and dust storms fueled a meningitis surge, straining under-resourced hospitals.

Key quote:

“You can’t breathe properly anymore, you can’t sleep properly, you can’t see properly — that’s what I felt when we had the forest fires.”

— Takumã Kuikuro, filmmaker and president of the Alto Xingu Family Institute

Why this matters:

The Global South is experiencing deadly heat waves and pollution that disproportionately affect low-income communities, outdoor workers and vulnerable populations. As climate change accelerates, addressing the links between heat, air quality and disease is crucial for public health and environmental justice.

Australia’s coal mine emissions are increasing. Is this how a major policy to cut climate pollution is meant to work?
Credit: pkproject/BigStock Photo ID: 90725906

Australia’s coal mine emissions are increasing. Is this how a major policy to cut climate pollution is meant to work?

The Albanese government overhauled policy and promised significant pollution cuts – but carbon offsets are still being used as an excuse.

Abandoned oil well adjacent to rusting storage tanks

Low-producing oil wells in Texas cause headaches for landowners

Jackie Chesnutt, who lives outside San Angelo, is tired of pollution from wells she says should have been plugged years ago. Experts say Texas rules allow companies to defer plugging wells for far too long.
China renewable energy, wind and solar energy concept. Chinese flag with wind turbines and solar panels.
Credit: Anton_Medvedev/BigStock Photo ID: 431444246

Escape route from Iran energy shock leads to China, U.S. allies find

Countries are navigating between the desire to speed up the green transition and worries over Beijing’s clean-tech dominance.
Aerial view of Colorado River and Glen Canyon Dam

Interior unveils emergency plans for Colorado River

The Trump administration will pull its emergency levers to head off a major water and power crisis.
A rusty oil barrel floating in icy water
Credit: Damian Palus/BigStock Photo ID: 74897128

Fuel eating microbes, chemicals and fire: the race to discover new ways to contain Arctic oil spills

As the rising number of vessels in the icy waters increases the risk of environmental disaster, scientists are scrambling to find potential solutions.

An Indian woman wearing jewerly and a sash dancing next to a river

India's harvest festivals under climate strain

As people across India celebrate traditional agrarian spring festivals, climate change has become an unwanted guest at the table.

A view of St. Marks Square in Venice with floodwaters covering it

Venice is threatened by rising sea levels. Will the city be forced to relocate?

Scientists warn that no adaptation measure can sustain Venice as rising sea levels threaten to swallow the city.
From our Newsroom
Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

One facility has emitted cancer-causing chemicals into waterways at levels up to 520% higher than legal limits.

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

"The reality is, we are not exposed to one chemical at a time.”

Pennsylvania governor Josh Shapiro speaks with the state flag and American flag behind him.

Two years into his term, has Gov. Shapiro kept his promises to regulate Pennsylvania’s fracking industry?

A new report assesses the administration’s progress and makes new recommendations

silhouette of people holding hands by a lake at sunset

An open letter from EPA staff to the American public

“We cannot stand by and allow this to happen. We need to hold this administration accountable.”

wildfire retardants being sprayed by plane

New evidence links heavy metal pollution with wildfire retardants

“The chemical black box” that blankets wildfire-impacted areas is increasingly under scrutiny.

Stay informed: sign up for The Daily Climate newsletter
Top news on climate impacts, solutions, politics, drivers. Delivered to your inbox week days.