Climate-driven heat waves and pollution imperil health in Global South

Record global heat in 2024 fueled longer heat waves, worsening air quality and public health in regions from India to Nigeria to Brazil, where extreme weather compounded pollution and respiratory disease risks.

Simrin Sirur reports for Mongabay with Orji Sunday and Karla Mendes.


In short:

  • India faced record summer heat in 2024, intensifying air pollution in Delhi, with ozone levels above safe limits for 102 days.
  • Wildfires in Brazil’s Amazon produced dangerous smoke that impacted Indigenous communities already vulnerable due to limited healthcare access.
  • In Nigeria’s arid north, rising temperatures and dust storms fueled a meningitis surge, straining under-resourced hospitals.

Key quote:

“You can’t breathe properly anymore, you can’t sleep properly, you can’t see properly — that’s what I felt when we had the forest fires.”

— Takumã Kuikuro, filmmaker and president of the Alto Xingu Family Institute

Why this matters:

The Global South is experiencing deadly heat waves and pollution that disproportionately affect low-income communities, outdoor workers and vulnerable populations. As climate change accelerates, addressing the links between heat, air quality and disease is crucial for public health and environmental justice.

A yacht anchored in aqua blue water

A climate summit built on contradiction

At COP30 in Belém, climate delegates slept aboard diesel-powered cruise ships and traveled roads carved through newly deforested land, contradictions that unsettled many, including California’s contingent.

A house completely destroyed by a hurricane

Hurricane Melissa a ‘real-time case study’ of colonialism’s legacies

Hurricane Melissa ravaged rural Jamaica; campaigners at COP30 say the disaster exposes how communities shaped by slavery and colonial extraction now bear the brunt of climate impacts.

The Hague, Netherlands. Home of International Court of Justice
Credit: Photo by Joshua Kettle on Unsplash

A landmark court ruling looms over U.S. absence at COP30

The historic climate change advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice suggests the United States is violating international law on climate, legal experts say.
Tropical cyclone destructive aftermath
Credit: Photo by Greg Johnson on Unsplash

Small island nations demand emission cuts at COP30 climate talks

Jamaica has joined other small island nations at the United Nations climate talks to urge immediate action on climate change.
An aerial view of a coal plant surrounded by fog

Wisconsin coal terminal to close after 50 years as clean energy saps demand

After nearly 50 years of operation, the Midwest Energy Resources coal terminal in Superior will shut down next June as coal shipments continue to decline amid the clean energy transition.

Flags of various nations fly on building
Credit: Lucas Gallone/Unsplash

China: The reluctant climate leader

As the United States steps back from climate diplomacy, China is presenting itself as a responsible power leading in clean, green technology.
Huge solar array in Dunhuang, China
Credit: Photo by ダモ リ on Unsplash

China’s top envoy blasts EU climate goals and Trump’s ‘bad example’

Liu Zhenmin also defended Beijing’s own climate efforts as “very ambitious.”
From our Newsroom
Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

One facility has emitted cancer-causing chemicals into waterways at levels up to 520% higher than legal limits.

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

"The reality is, we are not exposed to one chemical at a time.”

Pennsylvania governor Josh Shapiro speaks with the state flag and American flag behind him.

Two years into his term, has Gov. Shapiro kept his promises to regulate Pennsylvania’s fracking industry?

A new report assesses the administration’s progress and makes new recommendations

silhouette of people holding hands by a lake at sunset

An open letter from EPA staff to the American public

“We cannot stand by and allow this to happen. We need to hold this administration accountable.”

wildfire retardants being sprayed by plane

New evidence links heavy metal pollution with wildfire retardants

“The chemical black box” that blankets wildfire-impacted areas is increasingly under scrutiny.

Stay informed: sign up for The Daily Climate newsletter
Top news on climate impacts, solutions, politics, drivers. Delivered to your inbox week days.