Europe struggles to balance its green goals with China's dominance

Europe’s push for green technology depends on China’s production capabilities, creating tension as the EU tries to protect its industries from reliance on Chinese goods.

Guillermo Abril and Manu Granda report for El País.

In short:

• China leads global production of electric cars, wind turbines and solar panels, supplying vital components for Europe’s decarbonization plans.
• The European Union fears excessive reliance on China and has imposed tariffs to protect its industries from subsidized Chinese imports.
• Trade tensions escalate as China responds with counter-tariffs, risking a trade war that could disrupt Europe’s ecological transition.

Key quote:

“Without graphite, there’s no battery. All gigafactories use this material.”

— Francisco Carranza, CEO of Basquevolt

Why this matters:

Europe's green transition relies on technologies dominated by China, making it vulnerable to supply disruptions and trade conflicts. Reducing dependence on China while achieving climate goals is a delicate balancing act for policymakers.