Opinion: Global warming is a crisis of inequality

Climate change-driven disasters often strike hardest where inequality, colonial legacies, and poor infrastructure leave communities most exposed and least protected.

Friederike Otto writes for The Guardian.


In short:

  • Climate scientist Friederike Otto argues that the true drivers of climate disasters are exposure and vulnerability — factors shaped by poverty, colonialism, and systemic injustice — not simply changes in weather patterns.
  • Her research into recent floods in Nigeria and drought in Madagascar shows that while climate change plays a role, failures in infrastructure, governance, and equity are often more decisive.
  • Otto critiques climate science for focusing narrowly on physics, calling for a broader lens that includes political, historical, and social dimensions in understanding and addressing climate impacts.

Key quote:

“Climate change is a symptom of this global crisis of inequality and injustice, not its cause.”

— Friederike Otto, associate professor, Global Climate Science Programme

Why this matters:

In many parts of the world, communities facing the brunt of climate disasters — like flooding, droughts, and extreme heat — have long been trapped in cycles of vulnerability shaped by colonial exploitation, racial inequality, and economic neglect. These disasters don't occur in a vacuum; the scale of suffering often reflects a failure to invest in people and infrastructure, not just the wrath of nature. Climate science rooted only in physics cannot fully explain why a flood becomes a humanitarian catastrophe. If climate policy continues to ignore these power imbalances, it risks reinforcing the very injustices that make global warming so deadly in the first place.

Read more: Climate disasters disrupt education for Black children, deepening inequities

Solar panels on a red metal roof with a green landscape in the background

Solar is now bigger than coal in China — and yet still way behind

China has more solar capacity online than coal capacity. It’s a remarkable milestone, but the fossil fuel still generates far more electricity than solar does.

A farm tractor driving across a dry field

Task force warns of worsening drought on track to match last year

Data from around Maine suggests the state never fully recovered from last fall’s drought, leaving the state in a tough position as conditions worsen once again, according to the Maine Drought Task Force.

An overhead view of a park in an urban setting

Comparing green space for urban cooling, study

New research finds urban woodlands can provide the strongest cooling during extreme heat, outperforming grasslands, lakes, parks and green walls.
Penguins standing on a rock with the sunset and hills in the background

Satellite images of penguin droppings reveal impact of antarctic warming

An analysis of 30 years of satellite images of penguin guano shows how the birds’ diets are shifting in response to warming.

A farm combine harvesting grains into a huge container

Farmers are growing a new grain to combat climate change

A handful of U.S. farmers are looking at a new solution to extreme weather. Perennial grains may better withstand extreme drought like the one earlier this year that devastated some wheat farmers in Kansas.
A cruise ship in the middle of the ocean with the sun setting to the left

Air pollution from ships may be more harmful than road traffic emissions, port study finds

Scientists say ultrafine particles in cruise ship emissions associated with reduced ability to resist common viruses.

The skyline of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in the morning with trees in the foreground

Malaysia declares emergency in Sarawak town as haze reaches critical level

Malaysia has declared an emergency in a town in Sarawak state due to severe air pollution linked to fires in Indonesia.

From our Newsroom
Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

Multiple Houston-area oil and gas facilities that have violated pollution laws are seeking permit renewals

One facility has emitted cancer-causing chemicals into waterways at levels up to 520% higher than legal limits.

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

Regulators are underestimating health impacts from air pollution: Study

"The reality is, we are not exposed to one chemical at a time.”

Pennsylvania governor Josh Shapiro speaks with the state flag and American flag behind him.

Two years into his term, has Gov. Shapiro kept his promises to regulate Pennsylvania’s fracking industry?

A new report assesses the administration’s progress and makes new recommendations

silhouette of people holding hands by a lake at sunset

An open letter from EPA staff to the American public

“We cannot stand by and allow this to happen. We need to hold this administration accountable.”

wildfire retardants being sprayed by plane

New evidence links heavy metal pollution with wildfire retardants

“The chemical black box” that blankets wildfire-impacted areas is increasingly under scrutiny.

Stay informed: sign up for The Daily Climate newsletter
Top news on climate impacts, solutions, politics, drivers. Delivered to your inbox week days.