Pakistan’s solar surge is turning the energy system on its head

With power bills soaring and the national grid failing, Pakistanis are taking the energy transition into their own hands—and creating a bottom-up solar revolution.

Beth Gardiner reports for Yale Environment 360.

In short:

Pakistan’s solar use exploded from 4% to 14% of electricity generation in just three years, thanks to a mix of cheap Chinese panels, massive price hikes, and a failing grid.
Ordinary people — not government mandates — are driving this shift, with everyone from farmers to urban homeowners embracing solar to escape blackouts and save money.
As more people go solar, grid utilities are entering a “death spiral” that risks making electricity even more unaffordable for those left behind unless reforms are urgently implemented.

Key quote:

"This is not government deciding this is the route to take. And it’s not being driven by climate concerns, it’s all about the economics. Renewables are out-competing the traditional sources of energy."

— Muhammad Mustafa Amjad, program director, Renewables First

Why this matters:

Pakistan’s grassroots solar boom is a rare example of climate-friendly energy adoption driven not by ideology, but necessity — and it’s improving health by reducing diesel generator use and giving rural communities cooling, irrigation, and clean power. With heat and energy poverty on the rise globally, it offers a bold, people-powered playbook for other nations. Cheap Chinese panels made the technology accessible, but it’s everyday Pakistanis — struggling with 120 F-degree heat, failing infrastructure, and economic strain — who are turning this into a full-blown energy revolution.

e360.yale.edu

Pakistan’s solar surge is turning the energy system on its head

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